"Pronouns"

RELATIVE PRONOUNS

REFERENTES A PESSOAS

• Who e that (sujeito ou objeto sem preposição antes)
• Whom (objeto; obrigatório quando precedido de preposição)
• Whose (= cujo, a, os, as) + substantivo

This is the man who called you yesterday.
Show me the lady whose husband is the principal.

REFERENTES A COISAS E ANIMAIS

• Which e that
• Whose + substantivo

The photos at which you are looking were all taken by my sister.

OBSERVAÇÕES
• Não se usa that com preposição antes e em orações explicativas (entre vírgulas).
• What significa o que, aquilo que e não tem antecedente.
• Which pode significar também o que, referindo-se a toda uma oração anterior.

He drinks too much, which is not good for his health.

 

INFINITIVO e GERÚNDIO

INFINITIVO SEM TO

• depois de verbos anômalos (can, may, must, should)
• depois de would rather; had better; let; make
• depois de but e except
• depois de verbos de percepção como hear, see, watch etc

GERÚNDIO

• depois de preposições e conjunções
• depois de can’t (stand; help), no (good; use), (be) worth, feel like
• quando o verbo é o sujeito da oração
• depois de certos verbos como admit, imagine, deny, stop, quit, enjoy, finish, appreciate, mind, avoid
• depois de verbos de percepção como hear, see, watch etc

Are you interested in learning French? No, I would rather study English.
Let me tell you how I quit smoking.

 

REPORTED SPEECH

Quando o discurso direto é transformado em indireto, deve-se fazer uma série de mudanças:

• nos tempos verbais

Present	=>	Past
Past	=>	Past Perfect
Future	=>	Conditional
Conditional	=>	Conditional Perfect
Imperativo	=>	Infinitivo

• nos pronomes

I	=>	he
	=>	she
We	=>	they
You	=>	I
My	=>	His
	=>	Her
Our	=>	their
Yout	=>	my

• nos advérbios

here	=>	there
today	=>	that day
now	=>	then
yesterday	=>	the day before
last	=>	the...before (the previous)
tomorrow	=>	the next day
next	=>	the following

He said, “I live here with my kids.”
He said he lived there with his kids.

She said to her brother, “I will see you tomorrow.”
She told her brother she would see him the next day.

Mother said to her children, “Be quiet.”
Mother told her children to be quiet.

• nas orações interrogativas

Paul said to me:	“Where do you live?”
	“Did you sleep well?”

 

Paul asked me	where I lived.
	if (wheter) I had slept well.

PRONOUNS AND ADJECTIVES

Pronouns and Adjectives
Personal Pronouns		Possessive Adjective	Possessive Pronouns	Reflexive/ Empphasizing Pronouns
Caso Reto (sujeito)	Caso Oblíquo (objeto)	seguidos de substantivo	não seguidos de substantivo
I	Me	My	Mine	Myself
You	You	Your	Yours	Yourself
He	Him	His	His	Himself
She	Her	Her	Her	Herself
It	It	Its	Its	Itself
		One - One's		One - Oneself
We	Us	Our	Our	Ourselves
You	You	Your	Your	Yourselves
They	Them	Their	Their	Theirselves